<?xml version="1.0"?>
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	<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Astro-it</id>
	<title>Monnier Group Research Wiki - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Astro-it"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Astro-it"/>
	<updated>2026-09-16T11:59:45Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.42.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Tools.svg&amp;diff=262</id>
		<title>File:Tools.svg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Tools.svg&amp;diff=262"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:53:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:PD-icon.svg&amp;diff=261</id>
		<title>File:PD-icon.svg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:PD-icon.svg&amp;diff=261"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:53:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:PD-Help_icon.png&amp;diff=260</id>
		<title>File:PD-Help icon.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:PD-Help_icon.png&amp;diff=260"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:52:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-userlinks.png&amp;diff=259</id>
		<title>File:M-en-userlinks.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-userlinks.png&amp;diff=259"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:52:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-sidebar.png&amp;diff=258</id>
		<title>File:M-en-sidebar.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-sidebar.png&amp;diff=258"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:51:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-recentchanges.png&amp;diff=257</id>
		<title>File:M-en-recentchanges.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-recentchanges.png&amp;diff=257"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:51:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-pagetabs.png&amp;diff=256</id>
		<title>File:M-en-pagetabs.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-pagetabs.png&amp;diff=256"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:50:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-interwiki_lang.png&amp;diff=255</id>
		<title>File:M-en-interwiki lang.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:M-en-interwiki_lang.png&amp;diff=255"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:50:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Geographylogo.png&amp;diff=254</id>
		<title>File:Geographylogo.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Geographylogo.png&amp;diff=254"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:49:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Example-white-bg.jpg&amp;diff=253</id>
		<title>File:Example-white-bg.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Example-white-bg.jpg&amp;diff=253"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:49:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Example.jpg&amp;diff=250</id>
		<title>File:Example.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Example.jpg&amp;diff=250"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:49:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Bulbgraph.png&amp;diff=249</id>
		<title>File:Bulbgraph.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=File:Bulbgraph.png&amp;diff=249"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:48:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Thankyou&amp;diff=248</id>
		<title>Template:Thankyou</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Thankyou&amp;diff=248"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;float:right; border:1px solid blue;width:200px;background-color:#fff;padding:3px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Example.jpg|left|80px|Example sunflower image]] &#039;&#039;&#039;A little thank you...&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;for {{{reason|{{{1}}}}}}. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;hugs, {{{signature|{{{2}}}}}}&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Template:Thankyou}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Template examples|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Prettytable&amp;diff=246</id>
		<title>Template:Prettytable</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Prettytable&amp;diff=246"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;border=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;{{{width|100%}}}&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;all&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show;{{{style|}}}&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;[[Category:Utility templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:PD_Help_Page&amp;diff=244</id>
		<title>Template:PD Help Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:PD_Help_Page&amp;diff=244"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| style=&amp;quot;color:#000000; border:solid 1px #A8A8A8; padding:0.5em; margin:0.5em 0; background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:95%; vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:1em; | [[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px|left|PD]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{#if:{{{text|}}}|{{{text}}}|&#039;&#039;&#039;Important note:&#039;&#039;&#039; When you edit this page, you agree to release your contribution into the [[:en:Public domain|public domain]]. If you don&#039;t want this or can&#039;t do this because of license restrictions, please don&#039;t edit. This page is one of the [[Project:PD help|Public Domain Help Pages]], which can be freely copied into fresh wiki installations and/or distributed with MediaWiki software; see [[Help:Contents]] for an overview of all pages. See [[Project:PD help/Copying]] for instructions.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding:1em; | [[Image:PD-icon.svg|40px|left|PD]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{Languages|Template:PD Help Page}}[[Category:License templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:PD&amp;diff=242</id>
		<title>Template:PD</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:PD&amp;diff=242"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;br style=&amp;quot;clear:both;&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;  style=&amp;quot;width:95%; background-color:#f8f8f8; border:2px solid #e0e0e0;  padding:5px;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:PD-icon.svg|50px|PD]]&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;This file has been released into the &#039;&#039;&#039;[[w:public domain|public domain]]&#039;&#039;&#039; by the [[w:Copyrights|copyright]] holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;[[Category:PD images|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;[[Category:License templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Note&amp;diff=240</id>
		<title>Template:Note</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Note&amp;diff=240"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}|&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;block-note&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;block-contents&amp;quot;&amp;gt;|[[Image:Bulbgraph.png|18px|Note]]}} &#039;&#039;&#039;Note:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method 1 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following displays the note icon and the word &#039;Note:&#039;.  You can follow this with whatever text/images/markup you like, and it works in-line, within a paragraph.&lt;br /&gt;
 Monsters are green. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{note}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; this is an in-line note, to remind you that some monsters are orangey-purple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Monsters are green. {{note}} this is an in-line note, to remind you that some monsters are orangey-purple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method 2 ===&lt;br /&gt;
The following includes the text passed to the template, and uses a table to stop the text flowing round the icon.  These always force a newline before and after the note.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{note|Here is a long note, which is sufficiently wordy to run onto a second line, &lt;br /&gt;
 which would normally cause it to wrap round the icon, but because we passed it as a parameter &lt;br /&gt;
 it keeps its left alignment straight.}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{note|Here is a long note, which is sufficiently wordy to run onto a second line, which would normally cause it to wrap round the icon, but because we passed it as a parameter it keeps its left alignment straight.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Template:Note}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Move&amp;diff=238</id>
		<title>Template:Move</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Move&amp;diff=238"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;messagebox {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|small|standard}}-talk&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#ffffcc&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Image:Merge-arrow.gif|{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|30px|50px}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;Move proposal&#039;&#039;&#039; : It has been suggested that this page be moved to a new name{{#if:{{{1|}}}|&amp;amp;nbsp;: &#039;{{{1}}}&#039;|}}.&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Use the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] to discuss this action.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;{{{category|[[Category:Move proposals|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template is for proposing moving an article from one name to another here on MediaWiki.org. It does not relate to moving pages to/from other wiki projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== To propose a page move... ====&lt;br /&gt;
Please create a discussion on the article&#039;s talk page suggesting the move first.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Draw attention to the move proposal prior to carrying out a move, by using this template. Place it at the top of the article in question.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== See also ====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Moving a page]] - Note that this help page is generic mediawiki help (suitable for copying into other MediaWiki installations). The information is not customised to apply specifically to moving pages here on mediawiki.org.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Mediawiki&amp;diff=236</id>
		<title>Template:Mediawiki</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Mediawiki&amp;diff=236"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{ #ifeq:&lt;br /&gt;
  {{SERVERNAME}}&lt;br /&gt;
| www.mediawiki.org&lt;br /&gt;
| [[{{{1}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/{{urlencode:{{{1}}}}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
This template links to a page on  from the [[Help:Contents|Help pages]]. The template has two parameters:&lt;br /&gt;
# Pagename, optionally preceded by an interwiki link prefix valid on mediawiki.org&lt;br /&gt;
# (optional) Link description&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{ #ifeq:&lt;br /&gt;
{{SERVERNAME}}&lt;br /&gt;
| www.mediawiki.org&lt;br /&gt;
| This is so that the public domain help pages - which can be freely copied and included in other sites - have correct links to Mediawiki:&lt;br /&gt;
* on external sites, it creates an external link&lt;br /&gt;
* on Mediawiki, it creates an internal or interwiki link&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;All&#039;&#039;&#039; links from the Help namespace to other parts of the mediawiki.org wiki should use this template.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Demo of interwiki link:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{mediawiki|m:Help:Calculation|Help:Calculation}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; gives either &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[m:Help:Calculation|Help:Calculation]] or [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/m%3AHelp%3ACalculation Help:Calculation]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;, rendered as [[m:Help:Calculation|Help:Calculation]] or [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/m%3AHelp%3ACalculation Help:Calculation], respectively. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Info templates|MediaWiki]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Languages/Lang&amp;diff=234</id>
		<title>Template:Languages/Lang</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Languages/Lang&amp;diff=234"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;{{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | {{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}/{{{1}}} | &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;bull;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;span lang=&amp;quot;{{{1}}}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{#if: {{{2|}}}|[[{{{2}}}/{{{1}}}|{{#language:{{{1}}}}}]]| [[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{{1}}}|{{#language:{{{1}}}}}]]}}&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Template ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;This sub-template doesn&#039;t display properly when not included.  Please see [[Template:Languages]] for the complete version.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template is designed to simplify [[Template:Languages]], by allowing a simpler syntax for adding new languages.  Each language is included by calling this template with the following parameters:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Language code&#039;&#039;&#039; (e.g. fr)&lt;br /&gt;
* (optional) &#039;&#039;&#039;Page name&#039;&#039;&#039; - if not supplied the page is automatically worked out based on where the language template is included.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template should not be used anywhere except in the Languages template.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=232</id>
		<title>Template:Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=232"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Template ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;LanguageLinks&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table width=&amp;quot;100%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background: #EEF3E2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;width: 25px; padding-left: 0.5em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Image:Geographylogo.png|25px|Languages]]&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;width: 10px; white-space: nowrap; padding: 4px 1em 0 0.5em; border-right: 1px solid #aaaaaa;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Project:Language policy|Languages]]:&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;padding: 1px 1em 0; background: #F6F9ED;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[{{{1|:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|English]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|af|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ar|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|az|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|bcc|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|bg|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|br|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ca|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|cs|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|da|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|de|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|el|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|es|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|fa|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|fi|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|fr|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|gl|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|gu|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|he|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|hu|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|id|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|it|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ja|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ko|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ksh|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ml|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|mr|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ms|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|nl|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|no|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|oc|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|pl|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|pt|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ro|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ru|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|si|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|sk|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|sq|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|sr|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|sv|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|ta|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|th|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|tr|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|uk|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|vi|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|yue|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|zh|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|zh-hans|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages/Lang|zh-hant|{{{1|}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Syntax ==&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Languages|PageName}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;PageName&#039;&#039;&#039; (optional) - the name of the page to display language links for.  If omitted then the English version of the current page is used.  This parameter can normally be omitted, as it is only required if you want to link to a page other than the one you place the template on, which is very uncommon.  If this parameter is used on a sub-page make sure you supply the root name, not the full page name (e.g. on [[MediaWiki/fr]] you would need to use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Languages|MediaWiki}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and not &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Languages|MediaWiki/fr}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The template should only be placed on pages that exist in more than one language, and it should be placed in the same location on each translation of the page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The English version of a page is always the main version, with all other languages as sub-pages, named using the appropriate language code (see below). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, on the Main Page you would include the text &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Languages}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, both on [[Main Page]] itself, and on each of its language sub-pages.  The template automatically creates links to any language sub-pages that exist, e.g. &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;Main Page/ja&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;Main Page/fr&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;, and ignores non-existant languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See [[Project:Language policy]] for further details about translating pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Supported languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
This shows you the name of each language&#039;s sub-page (using &#039;&#039;Main Page&#039;&#039; as an example). Other languages may be added easily as necessary.  Please use the appropriate [[meta:List of Wikipedias|prefix, as used on Wikipedia]] when adding a new language.  Please do &#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039; add languages for which no pages exist yet, as this will increase the time needed to include the template without adding any benefit (languages are only displayed to the user when the relevant page exists).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The link on the language names goes to the Wikipedia in that language. &#039;&#039;&#039;If no Wikipedia in your language exists, do not add pages in that language to MediaWiki.org!&#039;&#039;&#039;  This wiki is not the place for language advocacy - please go through the correct channels, and once your language has a Wikipedia then please return to add content here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Page Name || Language &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page || [[:en:|English]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/af&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:af:|Afrikaans]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ar&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ar:|Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/az&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:az:|Azerbaijani]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/bcc&#039;&#039;&#039; || Southern Balochi&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/bg&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:bg:|Bulgarian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/br&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:br:|Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ca&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ca:|Catalan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/cs&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:cs:|Czech]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/da&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:da:|Danish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/de&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:de:|German]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/el&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:el:|Greek]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/es&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:es:|Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/fa&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:fa:|Persian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/fi&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:fi:|Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/fr&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:fr:|French]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/gl&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:gl:|Galician]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/gu&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:gu:|Gujarati]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/he&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:he:|Hebrew]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/hu&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:hu:|Hungarian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/id&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:id:|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/it&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:it:|Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ja&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ja:|Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ko&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ko:|Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ksh&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ksh:|Kölsch]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ml&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:mr:|Malayalam]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/mr&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:mr:|Marathi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ms&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ms:|Malay]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/nl&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:nl:|Nederlands]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/no&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:no:|Norwegian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/oc&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:oc:|Occitan]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/pl&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:pl:|Polish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/pt&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:pt:|Portugese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ro&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ro:|Romanian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ru&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ru:|Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/si&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:si:|Sinhalese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/sk&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:sk:|Slovak]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/sq&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:sq:|Albanian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/sr&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:sr:|Serbian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/sv&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:sv:|Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/ta&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:ta:|Tamil]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/th&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:th:|Thai]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/tr&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:tr:|Turkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/uk&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:uk:|Ukrainian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/vi&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:vi:|Vietnamese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/yue&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:zh-yue:|Cantonese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/zh&#039;&#039;&#039; || [[:zh:|Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/zh-hans&#039;&#039;&#039; || Chinese (Simplified)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Main Page&#039;&#039;&#039;/zh-hant&#039;&#039;&#039; || Chinese (Traditional)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
Here is how the language bar looks on the [[MediaWiki]] page:&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|MediaWiki}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language templates]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:If_en&amp;diff=230</id>
		<title>Template:If en</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:If_en&amp;diff=230"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Help/If en|{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}} }}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Do not transclude this in PD help pages (Help namespace), since it seem to break the PD help guidelines, in that, this template name is not suitable to be included in a fresh wiki installation.  For PD help pages, use [[Template:Help/{{PAGENAME}}]] instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See [[Template:Help/{{PAGENAME}}#Example]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Category|Internationalization templates}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Hl3&amp;diff=228</id>
		<title>Template:Hl3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Hl3&amp;diff=228"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;bgcolor=&amp;quot;#8DA7D6&amp;quot; color=&amp;quot;black&amp;quot; &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;[[Category:Utility templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Hl2&amp;diff=226</id>
		<title>Template:Hl2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Hl2&amp;diff=226"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;bgcolor=&amp;quot;#A7C1F2&amp;quot; &amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;[[Category:Utility templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/If_en&amp;diff=224</id>
		<title>Template:Help/If en</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/If_en&amp;diff=224"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{#ifeq: {{#language:{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}|{{SUBPAGENAME}} |{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}} }}&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{#ifexist: Template:PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}|{{PD Help Page}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template is to be transcluded in &#039;&#039;&#039;public domain&#039;&#039;&#039; help pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{PAGENAME}}|This is en base page|This is non-en subpage}}&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page, Help:Deleting a page/subpage&lt;br /&gt;
** result: This is en base page&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page/th, Help:Deleting a page/Th, Help:Deleting a page/tH, Help:Deleting a page/TH&lt;br /&gt;
** result: This is non-en subpage&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internationalization templates|If en/Help]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/Category&amp;diff=222</id>
		<title>Template:Help/Category</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/Category&amp;diff=222"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#ifexist: Template:PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}|{{PD Help Page}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template is to be transcluded in &#039;&#039;&#039;public domain&#039;&#039;&#039; help pages to categorize those pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{PAGENAME}}|MediaWiki Introduction|lang=zh}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{PAGENAME}}|MediaWiki Introduction}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Default value of {{{lang}}} will be &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{SUBPAGENAME}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; (which will be &amp;quot;fr&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ja&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;th&amp;quot;, for, &amp;quot;Page/fr&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Page/ja&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Page/th&amp;quot;, respectively).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to specify the sort key, you may instead use the form &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Category:Cat name{{Lang subpage}}|sort key]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
This template is equivalent to &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Category:Cat name{{Lang subpage}}|{{En pagename}}]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;, but it compute &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{If en|...}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; two times, while this template compute &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{If en|...}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; only once.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internationalization templates|Category/Help]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Help/If en|&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:{{{1|&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{1}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]|&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:{{{1|&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{1}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;}}}/{{{lang|{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/Categories&amp;diff=220</id>
		<title>Template:Help/Categories</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Help/Categories&amp;diff=220"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{#ifexist: Template:PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{PD Help Page/{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}|{{PD Help Page}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template is to be transcluded in &#039;&#039;&#039;public domain&#039;&#039;&#039; help pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This template will transclude the central en categories template, if the template exists.&lt;br /&gt;
Include this template in any language subpages, to unify the page&#039;s categories across languages.&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page --&amp;gt; transclude {&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{Help:Deleting a page/categories}}&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page/th --&amp;gt; transclude {&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{Help:Deleting a page/categories}}&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page/subpage --&amp;gt; transclude {&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{Help:Deleting a page/subpage/categories}}&lt;br /&gt;
* title: Help:Deleting a page/subpage/th --&amp;gt; transclude {&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{Help:Deleting a page/subpage/categories}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internationalization templates|Categories/Help]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Trying to optimize {{If en}} calling.&lt;br /&gt;
This call {{If en}} only once.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;{{If en|&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   --&amp;gt;{{#ifexist: {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories |&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
      --&amp;gt;{{ {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories|&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
         --&amp;gt;En pagename={{PAGENAME}}|&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
         --&amp;gt;Lang subpage=&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
      --&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
   --&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;!-- else --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
   --&amp;gt;{{#ifexist: {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories |&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
      --&amp;gt;{{ {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories|&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
         --&amp;gt;En pagename={{BASEPAGENAME}}|&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
         --&amp;gt;Lang subpage=/{{SUBPAGENAME}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
      --&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
   --&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;{{#if: |&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following statements call {{En pagename}} two times which then call {{If en}} two times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;{{#ifexist: {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{En pagename}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories |&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
   --&amp;gt;{{ {{{1|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{En pagename}}&amp;lt;!-- end of {{{1}}} --&amp;gt;}}}/categories }}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Future&amp;diff=218</id>
		<title>Template:Future</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Future&amp;diff=218"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;border: 2px solid #aa0000; color: #aa0000; background-color: white; margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.2em; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Warning - {{#if: {{{1|}}}|v{{{1}}}|This version}} has not been released yet.  This feature may be modified or removed before final release.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}|[[category:Due in v{{{1}}}]]|[[category:future]]}}&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{future|version}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Adds a notice that the feature is part of a future version of MediaWiki, and places the page in [[:Category:Future]], if no version is supplied, or &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Category:Due in vX]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; if it is (where X is the version number).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Template:Future}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alert templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Categorizing templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Category&amp;diff=216</id>
		<title>Template:Category</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Category&amp;diff=216"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] for some logics behind this implementation.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Do not transclude this in PD help pages (Help namespace), since it seem to break the PD help guidelines, in that, this template name is too generic to be used in a fresh wiki installation.  For PD help pages, use [[Template:Help/{{PAGENAME}}]] instead.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Example ==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See [[Template:Help/{{PAGENAME}}#Example]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Category|Internationalization templates}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;{{Help/Category|{{{1|&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{1}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;}}}|lang={{{ lang|{{SUBPAGENAME}} }}} }}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Admin_tip&amp;diff=214</id>
		<title>Template:Admin tip</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Template:Admin_tip&amp;diff=214"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;font-color:#535068; border:solid 1px #A8A8A8; padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0.7em;  margin:0.5em 0em; background-color:#FFFFFF;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| &lt;br /&gt;
|[[Image:Tools.svg|20px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;Tip for wiki admins:&#039;&#039;&#039; {{{1|{{{tip}}}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Template:Admin tip}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Info templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Watchlist&amp;diff=212</id>
		<title>Help:Watchlist</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Watchlist&amp;diff=212"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
Your &#039;&#039;&#039;watchlist&#039;&#039;&#039; is a display for [[Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]], similar to the “{{int:recentchanges}}” display, but limited to showing changes only across your set of “watched” pages. You can see the watchlist display by clicking “{{lcfirst:{{int:mywatchlist}}}}” link in the top right, however this is only available to users who have registered and logged in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before you see anything interesting here, you must add some pages to your watchlist. Do this by navigating to a page which interests you, and clicking the&#039;&#039;&#039; “{{lcfirst:{{int:watch}}}}” tab&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The watchlist feature is mainly useful on a very busy wiki where the “{{int:recentchanges}}” display becomes too “high traffic.” On a typical low traffic wiki, you can normally see all of the editing activity across the whole wiki without feeling overwhelmed. On a more busy wiki you will find that many edits are taking place on pages which you personally find less interesting. To help track changes which are more interesting, start watching pages!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Typically you would watch pages related to your interest areas, and also pages where your care most about the content. If you make a significant edit to a page, you might chose to watch the page, to see if there are any follow-up edits for example. Note that there is a “{{int:watchthis}}” tickbox provided on the editing screen for this purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the watchlist display, some page name appear in bold. This indicates whether or not you have visited the page to see the change. It&#039;s a bit like read/unread emails in an email inbox. The “{{int:recentchanges}}” display will also have some new bold highlighting, but for a different reason. Here bold is just indicating edits to pages on your watchlist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also [[Help:Tracking changes]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Watchlist]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Variables&amp;diff=210</id>
		<title>Help:Variables</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Variables&amp;diff=210"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Help:Magic words]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:User_page&amp;diff=208</id>
		<title>Help:User page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:User_page&amp;diff=208"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;{{lcfirst:{{ns:2}}}} page&#039;&#039;&#039; is a page about a wiki user; someone who registered on the wiki, and is (most probably) a contributor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you have registered, you can create your own user page. Your user page is linked in the top right. More importantly, others will see links to your user page from various places which assist wiki collaboration. This includes the “{{int:Recentchanges}}” and “{{lcfirst:{{int:history}}}}” displays (See [[Help:Tracking changes]]). You can also link to your user page within text of a wiki page, which is mainly useful on [[Help:Talk pages|talk pages]] when you sign your name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== What to put on your user page ==&lt;br /&gt;
User pages are just as flexible as any other wiki page, and it&#039;s a page all about you, so generally people will leave you to freely write your user page in whatever format you like. It&#039;s a feature to help other people know who you are, and to bring the online community closer together. Think of it as a “profile” page. You might like to mention where you are from and what your job is. You can also state what your main areas of interest are in relation to the topic of the wiki, and describe contributions you have made or are areas where you are interested in contributing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== User scratchpad / development area ===&lt;br /&gt;
You can use your user page as a scratchpad. An area for developing ideas without cluttering the main namespace (see [[Help:Namespaces]]). If subpages are enabled (see [[Help:Subpages]]), you may find them useful for creating sub pages under your user page. However you should avoid expending too much effort within your own area of the wiki. Be bold! Edit the main wiki articles! If you wiki has a shared Sandbox page, you can also use it for quick (non-permanent) wiki experimentation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other people&#039;s user pages ==&lt;br /&gt;
As mentioned above, you will see links to other people&#039;s user pages, in various places throughout the wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== User Contributions ===&lt;br /&gt;
When viewing another person&#039;s user page, an additional link “{{lcfirst:{{int:contributions}}}}&amp;quot; appears in the “{{lcfirst:{{int:toolbox}}}}” of the [[Help:Navigation#Sidebar|sidebar]]. This takes you to a list of all of this user&#039;s wiki edits. Use this to get an idea of how prolific a contributor somebody is, or to track down edits made by a user who is causing trouble/making bad wiki edits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Editing someone else&#039;s page ===&lt;br /&gt;
It&#039;s generally considered bad etiquette to rewrite or reword another person&#039;s user page. Editing is not disallowed, but you should avoid adding information (or especially opinions) which might be misinterpreted as coming from that user, in situations where this could potentially cause upset. Some types of edit are widely acceptable, and unlikely to cause upset:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Fixing internal links, when a page has been [[Help:Moving a page|moved]] or [[Help:Deleting a page|deleted]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fixing broken external links&lt;br /&gt;
* Categorizing or fixing categories of user pages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== User talk pages ===&lt;br /&gt;
Every user page has an associated talk page; a &amp;quot;{{lcfirst:{{ns:3}}}} page&amp;quot;. This is a special kind of talk page, for leaving messages directed at a particular user. See [[Help:Talk pages#User Talk pages]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Tracking_changes&amp;diff=206</id>
		<title>Help:Tracking changes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Tracking_changes&amp;diff=206"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:M-en-recentchanges.png|thumb|370px|&#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:recentchanges}}&#039;&#039;&#039; shows the latest changes to pages, file uploads, deletions and page moves]]&lt;br /&gt;
MediaWiki offers a collection of special pages and tools to keep track of what is going on in the wiki. So you can watch for example:&lt;br /&gt;
* recent changes to all pages&lt;br /&gt;
* the revision history: all changes made to one page&lt;br /&gt;
* the contributions of one specific user &lt;br /&gt;
* newly created pages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most interesting special page is &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Special:Recentchanges]]&#039;&#039;&#039;. It displays all edits, file uploads, page moves, deletions and other actions done in the wiki. In the menu on top it offers a collection of links to customize your display: limit the number of changes shown, the number of days or restrict it to edits to a certain namespace. You can also hide edits marked as minor (don&#039;t forget that major changes can be flagged by a user as minor anyway).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One line in recent changes consists of several links:&lt;br /&gt;
* “{{lcfirst:{{int:diff}}}}” displays the difference to the previous revision of the page,&lt;br /&gt;
* “{{lcfirst:{{int:hist}}}}” links to the revision history of the page,&lt;br /&gt;
* the link with the full title of the page brings you to the current version. If the title is in bold, it indicates that it is on your [[Help:Watchlist|watchlist]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next is a flag describing the article modification type:&lt;br /&gt;
*“{{int:newpageletter}}” denotes a new page,&lt;br /&gt;
*“{{int:minoreditletter}}” a minor edit,&lt;br /&gt;
*“{{int:boteditletter}}” an edit made by a bot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the timestamp, it shows the page size difference to the previous revision, then the user is mentioned, with a link to their [[Help:User page|user page]] and their [[Help:Talk pages#User Talk pages|talk page]] and contributions, or to their [[Help:Talk pages#User Talk pages|talk page]] only in the case of anonymous users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Last but not least, there is an edit summary, appearing in italics, if the user submitted one when they made the edit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Enhanced view ===&lt;br /&gt;
If you are logged in and have JavaScript enabled, you can also try the &amp;quot;enhanced&amp;quot; view. Simply go to your [[Help:Preferences#Recent changes|Preferences]] and enable &amp;quot;{{int:tog-usenewrc}}&amp;quot;; this will make recent changes show edits divided by page rather than being listed individually.  You will now see entries like the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote style=&amp;quot;border:1px solid&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[Image:Arr_r.png|link=]] 15:17 [[Main Page]] ({{int:nchanges|4}}; (+236) {{int:pagehist}}) [Some User‎ (2×); Some Other User (2×)]&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Simply click the blue arrow to the left of the page name and timestamp to expand that page&#039;s recent edits just as they were on the normal style. You can turn this enhancement on and off at will, so feel free to try both to see which one you prefer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== See also ===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Special:Newpages]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{int:recentchangeslinked}}: [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Pagename]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{int:contributions}}: [[Special:Contributions/User]]&lt;br /&gt;
* History&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Watchlist]]  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Admin tip|tip=You may want to add important pages in your wiki to [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]], the intro shown at [[Special:Recentchanges]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Tracking changes}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Tracking changes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recent changes|Tracking changes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Templates&amp;diff=204</id>
		<title>Help:Templates</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Templates&amp;diff=204"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
If you have standard texts you want to include on several pages, the MediaWiki template feature comes into play.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Creation==&lt;br /&gt;
Templates are standard wiki pages whose content is designed to be [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transclusion transcluded] (embedded) inside other pages. Templates follow a convention that the name is prefixed with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Template:&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;, assigning it to that namespace. Therefore you can [[Help:Starting a new page|create them like any other wiki page]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Usage==&lt;br /&gt;
Templates are wiki pages which can be used in other pages in three ways:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Name}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; &#039;transcludes&#039; (i.e. includes a copy of) the content of the template (stored in the page &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Template:Name]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;) whenever the page containing the template transclusion is fetched and displayed; i.e. if the template is later changed, the displayed transcluding page will automatically change too&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:Name}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; replaces that string with the contents of the template, in the source of the transcluding page, when you save that page; the copy of the template contents can then be edited normally (and separately from the original in the template page). &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Note&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;: don&#039;t use this if you are looking to continually propagate changes from the source template to the page(s) that references it.&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{msgnw:Name}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; includes the template in a form that displays it as raw wiki syntax (the way &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;nowiki&amp;amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; does) when the page containing it is fetched&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, an ordinary wiki page can also be used as a template, simply by qualifying the namespace it resides in, so:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Template:Pagename}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;  includes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Template:Pagename]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Foo:Pagename}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;       includes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Foo:Pagename]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{:Pagename}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;          includes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Pagename]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If no such namespace exists, the full title is assumed to be a template:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Foo:Bar}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;            includes &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Template:Foo:Bar]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Parameters===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;float:right; margin:8px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| {{Prettytable}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}} colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;&#039;Template with numbered parameters&#039;&#039;&#039;	&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;A little thank you...&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;for {{{1}}}.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
hugs, {{{2}}}&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}}|&#039;&#039;&#039;You type&#039;&#039;&#039;	&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}}|&#039;&#039;&#039;You get&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Thankyou|all your hard work|Joe}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Thankyou|all your hard work|Joe}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}} colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;&#039;with named parameters&#039;&#039;&#039;	&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;A little thank you...&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;for {{{reason}}}.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
hugs, {{{signature}}}&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}}|&#039;&#039;&#039;You type&#039;&#039;&#039;	&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Hl2}}|&#039;&#039;&#039;You get&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Thankyou&lt;br /&gt;
|reason=all your hard work&lt;br /&gt;
|signature=Joe}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{Thankyou|all your hard work|Joe}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
You can define parameters in templates either numbered as &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{1}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or named &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{param}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Example:&#039;&#039;&#039; You want a little thank you note you can put on the talk page of other users. It will contain a reason and your signature. You could create [[Template:Thankyou]] to enter your text, as in the example in the table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When using the template on a page, you fill in the parameter values, separated by a pipe char (|): &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Thankyou|all your hard work|Joe}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.  For named parameters use &amp;quot;name=value&amp;quot; pairs separated by a pipe char:   &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Thankyou|reason=all your hard work|signature=Joe}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. The advantage of using named parameters in your template is that they are flexible in order. It also makes the template easier to understand if you have many parameters. If you want to change the order of numbered parameters, you have to mention them explicitly: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Thankyou|2=Joe|1=all your hard work}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can also provide default values for parameters, i.e. values that are going to be used if no value is provided for a parameter. For example, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{{reason|all your hard work}}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; would result in &#039;&#039;&amp;quot;all your hard work&amp;quot;&#039;&#039; if no value was provided for the parameter &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;reason&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Control template inclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
You can control template inclusion by the use of &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; tags.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anything between &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; will be processed and&lt;br /&gt;
displayed only when the template&#039;s page is being viewed directly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Possible applications are:&lt;br /&gt;
* Categorising templates&lt;br /&gt;
* Interlanguage links to similar templates in other languages&lt;br /&gt;
* Explanatory text about how to use the template&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The converse is &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. Text between &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/includeonly&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included. The obvious application is to add all pages containing a given template to a [[Help:Categories|category]], without putting the template itself into that category.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Note:&#039;&#039;&#039; when you change the categories applied by a template, the categorization of the pages that use that template may not be updated until some time later: this is handled by the {{mediawiki|Manual:Job queue|job queue}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Organizing templates===&lt;br /&gt;
For templates to be effective users need to find them and be able to use them. A simple technique is to include an example on the template page.&lt;br /&gt;
For example:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:table; width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Usage ==&lt;br /&gt;
Allows to establish a link to a subject:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{NameOfTemplate|Term1+Term2+Term3}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then, an editor can simply copy and paste the example to create a similar page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Copying from one wiki to another==&lt;br /&gt;
Templates often require [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:CSS CSS] or other templates, so users frequently have trouble copying templates from one wiki to another. The steps below should work for most templates:&lt;br /&gt;
# Copy the template text to the new wiki, either by [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Import importing] or with a link in the edit summary to the original page (for attribution).&lt;br /&gt;
# Look for CSS classes (like class=&amp;quot;foobar&amp;quot;) in the template text. If those classes appear in &amp;quot;MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;MediaWiki:Monobook.css&amp;quot; on the original wiki, copy them to &amp;quot;MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;quot; on the new wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
# Look for templates (like &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{foobar}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;) inside the template text, and copy those templates to the new wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
# If the template uses [[Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]], you must install the {{mediawiki|Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions extension}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Help:External searches]] – a template special use case example&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Help:Magic words]] – fancy stuff you may find in some templates&lt;br /&gt;
*{{mediawiki|meta:Help:Embed page}} – embedding pages from {{mediawiki|namespace|namespaces}} other than &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Template:&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Template]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Templates}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Talk_pages&amp;diff=202</id>
		<title>Help:Talk pages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Talk_pages&amp;diff=202"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
Every wiki page has an associated talk page which can be used for discussion and communicating with other users. Talk pages can be accessed by clicking the “{{lcfirst:{{int:talk}}}}” [[Help:Navigation#Page tabs|tab]] at the top of the page. Simply edit the page as normal to add your comment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A talk page is actually very similar to any other wiki page, but it is in the “{{ns:1}}” namespace, to keep it separate from the articles in the “{{int:blanknamespace}}” namespace (See [[Help:namespaces]]). As with any wiki page, you can edit it, link to it, and view the editing history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Editing conventions on talk pages ==&lt;br /&gt;
Having discussions on a free-form wiki page will seem strange at first. It helps if everyone follows some simple editing conventions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Always sign your name after your comments. Use the four tildes “&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;” wiki syntax (or the signature button [[File:button_sig.png|text-bottom|link=|signature button]] in the toolbar above editing textbox). For more information see [[Help:Signatures]].&lt;br /&gt;
* Start a new discussion with a &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;==level 2 heading==&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the bottom of the page (or use the “{{lcfirst:{{int:addsection}}}}” tab)&lt;br /&gt;
* Indent replies with colons (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;:&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) at the beginning of the line.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Example ===&lt;br /&gt;
Here is an example discussion, following the talk page conventions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot; |Wiki text&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot; |Rendered talk page&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre style=&amp;quot;white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== More spiders information needed ==&lt;br /&gt;
This page has a lot of detail about the web, but I really dont understand a single word of it, and it doesn&#039;t mention the spider once -- [[User:Example|Bob Smith]] 18:07, 26 August 1991 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: No no. This page is talking about the &amp;quot;world wide web&amp;quot;. I have added a clarification at the top - [[User:Example|Simon Brown]] 11:21, 28 August 1991(UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Oh I see... So what&#039;s the big deal about hyperlinked documents? Seems like a stupid idea to me. -- [[User:Example|Bob Smith]] 14:11, 3 September 1991 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Well I think we should have some information about it here on our wiki, but you&#039;re probably right. It&#039;ll never catch on. -- [[User:Example|Simon Brown]] 21:55, 3 September 1991 (UTC)&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;font-size: 150%; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;More spiders information needed &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This page has a lot of detail about the web, but I really dont understand a single word of it, and it doesn&#039;t mention the spider once -- [[User:Example|Bob Smith]] 18:07, 26 August 1991 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: No no. This page is talking about the &amp;quot;world wide web&amp;quot;. I have added a clarification at the top - [[User:Example|Simon Brown]] 11:21, 28 August 1991(UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Oh I see... So what&#039;s the big deal about hyperlinked documents? Seems like a stupid idea to me. -- [[User:Example|Bob Smith]] 14:11, 3 September 1991 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Well I think we should have some information about it here on our wiki, but you&#039;re probably right. It&#039;ll never catch on. -- [[User:Example|Simon Brown]] 21:55, 3 September 1991 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Editing discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
Having discussions on a free-form wiki page will seem strange at first. It has some advantages over the conventional rigid forum format, but it can get a little messy. As with other wiki pages, anyone can help with tidying up discussions, to conform to the editing conventions e.g. add signatures and headings where they are missing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clearly we also have the opportunity to edit other people&#039;s comments. It is generally bad etiquette to modify somebody else&#039;s wording (Better to just add your own comment with your corrections) But it can be acceptable to...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Modify discussion headings&lt;br /&gt;
:Change wording or append words to the discussion headings, to better describe the topic of discussion. Note that good descriptive headings become important when many discussions start to fill the page.&lt;br /&gt;
;Move discussions to a different page&lt;br /&gt;
:If discussions are put in the wrong place on the wiki, and are better associated with different talk page, then you could just move the discussion by cut &amp;amp; paste. This is potentially confusing, for the people posting, but can be important for keeping things tidy. You could leave the discussion in the wrong place for a few days/weeks grace before tidying it. You could leave a link behind explaining that a discussion was moved, or if not, you should link within the edit summary.&lt;br /&gt;
;Delete discussions when they are out-of-date&lt;br /&gt;
:Discussions can often get left lying around on a talk page long after the issue is no longer relevant. It&#039;s usually a good idea to reply to saying &amp;quot;I think this is now resolved&amp;quot;, but sooner or later it&#039;s time to just blow away the old discussions (they are of course preserved in the editing history).&lt;br /&gt;
;Split a post into several discussions&lt;br /&gt;
:It may be appropriate to do this, if somebody has raised several points which need to be answered separately. However you should always be respectful to other people&#039;s words. Does their post still make sense if you split it up?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Building articles - Discussing articles ==&lt;br /&gt;
It is usually best to keep focused on the task of building a wiki article, and use discussion pages only to support this process. The topic of conversation should generally revolve around what needs to be done to make the associated article better. Remember that editing the article itself is often a more effective means of communicating. It can be more difficult, requiring you to balance your views alongside those of others, but it can also be more rewarding. This is how the community of wiki editors will make progress. Often it will feel more natural to engage in heated debate on a talk page (or indeed any other contact channel) but in fact the wiki article itself can offer a powerful means of reaching middle-ground. Think about how to portray both sides of the argument (e.g. listing advantages and disadvantages) and you may find the debate evaporates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== User talk pages ==&lt;br /&gt;
A &amp;quot;{{ns:3}} page&amp;quot; is a talk page associated with somebody&#039;s &amp;quot;{{ns:2}} page&amp;quot; (See [[Help:User page]]). This is a place to leave messages for a particular wiki user.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This can function as a kind of messaging system. Users receive a prominent notification when new messages have been left on their talk page. They may be notified by email as well, although this cannot always be relied upon (since the email notification feature must be activated by supplying a valid email address, and clicking a confirmation link). If you don&#039;t get a response to your user talk page message, try looking for other contact details which they may have supplied on their user page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that the messages are not private, and others can join in the conversation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Talk pages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Tables&amp;diff=200</id>
		<title>Help:Tables</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Tables&amp;diff=200"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tables&#039;&#039;&#039; may be authored in wiki pages using either XHTML table elements directly, or using wikicode formatting to define the table. XHTML table elements and their use are well described on various web pages and will not be discussed here. The benefit of wikicode is that the table is constructed of character symbols which tend to make it easier to perceive the table structure in the article editing view compared to XHTML table elements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a general rule, it is best to avoid using a table unless you need one. Table markup often complicates page editing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Wiki table markup summary ==&lt;br /&gt;
{|cellpadding=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;60%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{|&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;table start&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|+&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| table &#039;&#039;&#039;caption,&#039;&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;optional;&#039;&#039; only between &#039;&#039;&#039;table start&#039;&#039;&#039; and first &#039;&#039;&#039;table row&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|-&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;table row,&#039;&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;optional on first row&#039;&#039; -- wiki engine assumes the first row&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;table header&#039;&#039;&#039; cell, &#039;&#039;optional.&#039;&#039; Consecutive &#039;&#039;&#039;table header&#039;&#039;&#039; cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;table data&#039;&#039;&#039; cell, &#039;&#039;required!&#039;&#039; Consecutive &#039;&#039;&#039;table data&#039;&#039;&#039; cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;|}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;&#039;table end&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
*The above marks must &#039;&#039;&#039;start on a new line&#039;&#039;&#039; except the double &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line. However, blank spaces at the beginning of a line are ignored.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;XHTML attributes.&#039;&#039;&#039; Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space. &lt;br /&gt;
**Cells and caption (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; or &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|+&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.&lt;br /&gt;
**Table and row marks (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;{|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) do not directly hold content. Do &#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039; add pipe (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it &#039;&#039;and&#039;&#039; your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;Content&#039;&#039;&#039; may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headings, or nested tables, must be on its own new line.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Basics==&lt;br /&gt;
The following table lacks borders and good spacing but shows the simplest wiki markup table structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The cells in the same row can be listed on one line separated by &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;||&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Extra spaces within cells in the wiki markup, as in the wiki markup below, do not affect the actual table rendering.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|  Orange    ||   Apple   ||   more&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|   Bread    ||   Pie     ||   more&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|   Butter   || Ice cream ||  and more&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|  Orange    ||   Apple   ||   more&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|   Bread    ||   Pie     ||   more&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|   Butter   || Ice cream ||  and more&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Table headers ===&lt;br /&gt;
Table headers can be created by using &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;!&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. Headers usually show up bold and centered by default.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
! Item&lt;br /&gt;
! Amount&lt;br /&gt;
! Cost&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|7.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|4&lt;br /&gt;
|3.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|1&lt;br /&gt;
|5.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Total&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|15.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
! Item&lt;br /&gt;
! Amount&lt;br /&gt;
! Cost&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|10&lt;br /&gt;
|7.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|4&lt;br /&gt;
|3.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|1&lt;br /&gt;
|5.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Total&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|15.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Caption===&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;table caption&#039;&#039;&#039; can be added to the top of any table as follows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|+Food complements&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{|&lt;br /&gt;
|+ Food complements&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== XHTML attributes ==&lt;br /&gt;
You can add XHTML attributes to tables. For the authoriative source on these, see [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/tables.html the W3C&#039;s HTML 4.01 Specification page on tables].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attributes on tables ===&lt;br /&gt;
Placing attributes after the table start tag (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;{|&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) applies attributes to the entire table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Attributes on cells ===&lt;br /&gt;
You can put attributes on individual &#039;&#039;&#039;cells&#039;&#039;&#039;. For example, numbers may look better aligned right.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; | 12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; | 500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot; | 1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Attributes on rows===&lt;br /&gt;
You can put attributes on individual &#039;&#039;&#039;rows&#039;&#039;&#039;, too.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;font-style:italic; color:green;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|12,333.00&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|500.00&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;font-style:italic; color:green;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;right&amp;quot;|1.00&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===With HTML attributes and CSS styles===&lt;br /&gt;
CSS style attributes can be added with or without other HTML attributes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre style=&amp;quot;white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;color:green; background-color:#ffffcc;&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;color:green; background-color:#ffffcc;&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Attributes&#039;&#039;&#039; can be added to the caption and headers as follows.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You type&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:50%&amp;quot;|You get&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre style=&amp;quot;white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ align=&amp;quot;bottom&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;color:#e76700;&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;Food complements&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+ align=&amp;quot;bottom&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;color:#e76700;&amp;quot; |&#039;&#039;Food complements&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Orange&lt;br /&gt;
|Apple&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Bread&lt;br /&gt;
|Pie&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Butter&lt;br /&gt;
|Ice cream &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Caveat==&lt;br /&gt;
===Negative numbers===&lt;br /&gt;
If you start a cell on a new line with a negative number with a minus sign (or a parameter that evaluates to a negative number), your table can get broken, because the characters &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|-&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; will be parsed as the wiki markup for table row, not table cell. To avoid this, insert a space before the value (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;| -6&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) or use in-line cell markup (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;|| -6&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Tables]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Sysops_and_permissions&amp;diff=198</id>
		<title>Help:Sysops and permissions</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Sysops_and_permissions&amp;diff=198"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
The way &#039;&#039;&#039;permissions&#039;&#039;&#039; are set-up on different wikis can vary, but in general...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Soft security - There &#039;&#039;are&#039;&#039; no permissions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wikis are often set up to be freely and openly editable. This means anyone can edit the pages, often without even registering/logging in. This is only possible because wikis offer a unique kind of &amp;quot;soft security&amp;quot;. By making it very simple to monitor edits, and revert changes to retrieve an older version of a page, a wiki doesn&#039;t need to be very restrictive at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There &#039;&#039;are&#039;&#039; no permissions. Everyone is an administrator. You don&#039;t need permission to edit, and you are encouraged to &amp;quot;be bold&amp;quot;, go forth and edit!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...at least that is the theory. In practice MediaWiki software does offer many options related to permissions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sysops ==&lt;br /&gt;
By default MediaWiki provides extra functionality to a group of trusted users called &#039;sysops&#039; (or known more generally as &#039;administrators&#039;) Most of the time this should go largely unnoticed by the normal users of a wiki community. Everyone can get involved in editing pages, and even undertaking drastic reorganisation of the wiki. The extra powers of a sysop user are intended for use in settling disputes and preventing repeated vandalism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Who are the sysops? ===&lt;br /&gt;
You can find out who the sysops are at [[Special:ListUsers/sysop]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== What can a sysop do? ===&lt;br /&gt;
There are a number of extra features available to sysops. The key ones are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Protecting and unprotecting pages, and editing protected pages&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;Protecting&#039; a page prevents normal users from editing the page at all. There are several reasons why a particular page might be protected. For more information see [[Help:Protected pages]]. For sysop information see [[Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Deleting pages, and undeleting.&lt;br /&gt;
:A page can be deleted semi-permanently, such that it is no longer available (even in the page histories) for normal users. Normal users do not have this power. See [[Help:Deleting a page]]. For sysop information see [[Help:Sysop deleting and undeleting]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Blocking a user or IP address, and unblocking them.&lt;br /&gt;
:Users can be blocked from the wiki. This is a useful way of keeping out persistent vandals. Users are identified by their registered user name, or by I.P. address, and can be blocked permanently, or just short length of time to give them a &amp;quot;cooling off&amp;quot; period. See [[Help:Blocking users]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;Patrolling, and seeing patrolled edits.&lt;br /&gt;
:This is a way of coordinating with other sysops, to ensure that every edit of the wiki has been checked over by a trusted user. See [[Help:Patrolled edits]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Bureaucrats ==&lt;br /&gt;
Another level of permissions within a default MediaWiki set-up, is the &#039;bureaucrat&#039; group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main thing a bureaucrat can do, which &#039;sysop&#039; cannot, is &#039;&#039;&#039;promote users to be sysops&#039;&#039;&#039; (and demote sysops to normal users).  See [[Help:Assigning permissions]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* {{mediawiki|Manual:Administrators}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{languages|Help:Sysops and permissions}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Sysops and permissions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Sysop_deleting_and_undeleting&amp;diff=196</id>
		<title>Help:Sysop deleting and undeleting</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Sysop_deleting_and_undeleting&amp;diff=196"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Deleting a page&#039;&#039;&#039; is a straightforward operation for anyone with [[Help:Sysops and permissions|sysop permissions]]. Users without such permissions can still remove text from wiki pages, or propose/request that a page should be deleted. See [[Help:Deleting a page]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Before deleting ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sysops should also be aware of the general advice given on [[Help:Deleting a page]] (In particular, note that there are many situations where a deleting is too drastic. Often a redirect is more appropriate for example)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before deleting you could perform various checks:&lt;br /&gt;
* Use the &amp;quot;What links here&amp;quot; tool. This gives an indication as to how important a page is, and what subjects it relates to. Perhaps the page is still linked to prominently from many places. All incoming links will become red links if you proceed with the delete. Ideally all incoming links should be changed/removed, if there is genuinely no need for this page to exist. You could do this work prior to deleting, or ask others in the wiki community to do it.&lt;br /&gt;
* Check the page history and the associated talk page. Who was proposing the deletion? Does anyone disagree? Has it been properly discussed? Did people have adequate time to raise objections? Did somebody vandalise a page, which then led to a deletion proposal? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The care taken over these things might depend on the size of the wiki community, and how clear-cut the case for deletion is. Remember that only sysop users can undo a delete action, so to a normal user the information appears to be lost forever.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Use the &#039;delete&#039; tab ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sysops should see a &#039;delete&#039; tab at the top of every page. Click this to delete the page. You will be asked to confirm, and to supply a &amp;quot;Reason for deletion&amp;quot;. This is a short textual description of why the page is being deleted. Your action will appear on the recent changes display, and in the deletion log ([[Special:Log]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Undeleting ==&lt;br /&gt;
To undelete a page you must navigate to the exact page name of the page. You can find this in the deletion log ([[Special:Log]]) if you dont remember it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You should then see a link to &amp;quot;View or restore n deleted edits&amp;quot;. Tick the box next to the revision you wish to restore.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Configuring deletion reasons==&lt;br /&gt;
The list of reasons in the dropdown box is maintained at [[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{languages|Help:Sysop deleting and undeleting}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Sysop deleting and undeleting]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Subpages&amp;diff=194</id>
		<title>Help:Subpages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Subpages&amp;diff=194"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Subpages&#039;&#039;&#039; introduce some hierarchical organization into wiki pages, with levels of the hierarchy separated by slashes (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Where it works ===&lt;br /&gt;
By default, MediaWiki&#039;s subpage feature is turned off in the main namespace, but can be used on [[Help:Talk pages|talk pages]] and [[Help:User page|user pages]]. See [[Help:Namespaces]]. In namespaces where the feature is switched off, any slashes (/) within a page name are simply part of the page name and do nothing special.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== How it works ===&lt;br /&gt;
Slashes (/) within a page name break the page into parent and subpages, recursively, e.g.:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Subpages]] - this page&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Subpages/subpage]] - child page&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Subpages/subpage/sub-subpage]] - grandchild page&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that the part of page names after a slash is case sensitive including the first letter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In subpages, A link back to antecedent pages will automatically appear at the top. These links do not appear, however, if the antecedent pages have not yet been created.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Use of subpages ===&lt;br /&gt;
There are various uses for the subpage feature. Some of the typical usages of subpages are:&lt;br /&gt;
* to create archives of old discussions under a [[Help:Talk pages|talk page]]&lt;br /&gt;
* to create scratchpad editing spaces under a [[Help:User page|user page]]&lt;br /&gt;
* to create other language versions of a document in multilingual wikis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Subpages are useful for organising information hierarchically. On the other hand, subpages tend to have a long name that is hard to remember, so it may be more user-friendly to use them as little as possible. You can also organize pages with the [[Help:Category|category]] feature, which is more suitable for creating a hierarchical network of information. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Admin tip|tip=You can specify the namespaces to have the subpage feature enabled with {{mediawiki|Manual:$wgNamespacesWithSubpages|$wgNamespacesWithSubpages}} array.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Meta:Help:Link#Subpage feature]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Variables#Page names]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Subpage|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Starting_a_new_page&amp;diff=192</id>
		<title>Help:Starting a new page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Starting_a_new_page&amp;diff=192"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
There are several ways to start a new page. These can vary based on the type of page started, as well as the wiki and namespace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Using Wikilinks ==&lt;br /&gt;
MediaWiki makes it very easy to link wiki pages using a standard syntax (see [[Help:Links|Links]]). If you (or anyone else) creates a link to an article that doesn&#039;t exist yet, the link will be coloured red, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #ba0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;like this&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clicking a red link will take you to the edit page for the new article.  Simply type your text, click save and the new page will be created.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once the page has been created, the link will change from &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #ba0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;red&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #002bb8;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;blue&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; (&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: #5a3696;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;purple&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; for pages you&#039;ve visited) indicating that the article now exists.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Usually this is the best way to create a new page, because it means that right from the start, the page will be linked from at least one other place on the wiki (and typically you will want to mesh it into other related pages later). If you are creating a new page without creating any link to it, you may need to ask yourself: Does this page really fit in with the topics already covered in the wiki? Also, how are you expecting visitors to find this page? Normally there is no reason to create a page without first creating a red link to it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Using the URL ==&lt;br /&gt;
You can use the wiki&#039;s URL for creating a new page. The URL to an article of the wiki is usually something like this:&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;http://www.example.net/index.php/&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ARTICLE&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; or&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;http://www.example.net/wiki/&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ARTICLE&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you replace &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;ARTICLE&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; with the name of the page you wish to create, you will be taken to a blank page which indicates that no article of that name exists yet. Clicking the &amp;quot;{{int:edit}}&amp;quot; [[Help:Navigation#Page Tabs|page tab]] at the top of the page will take you to the edit page for that article, where you can create the new page by typing your text, and clicking submit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== From the search page ==&lt;br /&gt;
If you search for a page that doesn&#039;t exist (using the search box and “{{int:go}}” button on the left of the page) then you will be provided with a link to create the new page.  (Note that this technique doesn&#039;t work if you use the “{{int:search}}” button).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Create redirects to your new page == &lt;br /&gt;
Don&#039;t forget to setup redirects when you create a page. If you think another person may search for the page you&#039;ve created by using a different name or spelling, please create the proper redirect(s). See [[Help:Redirects]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Protecting your new page ==&lt;br /&gt;
Normally a new wiki page can be edited by other people (that is one of the main ideas of a wiki!) However, a sysop could &#039;protect&#039; the page, if desired, to prevent normal users from editing it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Admin tip|tip=The &amp;quot;{{mediawiki|Extension:Inputbox|inputbox extension}}&amp;quot; allows you to provide an even easier way for your users to create new pages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Starting a new page]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Special_pages&amp;diff=190</id>
		<title>Help:Special pages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Special_pages&amp;diff=190"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Special pages&#039;&#039;&#039; are pages that are created by the software on demand. They are located in their own [[Help:Namespaces|namespace]] &#039;&#039;Special:&#039;&#039; and are not editable directly as other pages. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some special pages depend on the [[Help:Preferences|preferences]] that have been set by a user, e.g. the number of titles which is displayed on a user&#039;s [[Help:Watchlist|watchlist]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==List of special pages==&lt;br /&gt;
Clicking the link &#039;&#039;[[Special:Specialpages]]&#039;&#039; will take you to a list of all special pages on a wiki. Such a link is often accessible in the [[Help:Navigation#Toolbox|toolbox]] on the left hand panel. Some special pages can be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:New images|New images]] (includable)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:New pages|New pages]] (includable)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Preferences|Preferences]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Random page|Random page]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Recent changes|Recent changes]] (includable)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Watchlist|Watchlist]]&lt;br /&gt;
* ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Special pages}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Special pages]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Special Pages| ]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Skins&amp;diff=188</id>
		<title>Help:Skins</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Skins&amp;diff=188"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clicking on the [[Special:preferences|my preferences]] link in the upper right while logged in then click on the &#039;&#039;&#039;Skin&#039;&#039;&#039; button to change your skin. You can also preview the skin by clicking the &#039;&#039;&#039;(preview)&#039;&#039;&#039; links next to each skin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can make changes to the current skin&#039;s {{mediawiki|Manual:Interface/Stylesheets|stylesheet}} file (CSS) by creating a subpage of your userpage, &amp;quot;[[Special:Mypage/monobook.css|User:Yourname/monobook.css]]&amp;quot; for example. This requires your site admin to have enabled this feature -- if it is, you will see advice text at the top of your custom CSS page about clearing your browser&#039;s cache.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{admin tip|tip=To enable this feature, you have to set [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%24wgAllowUserCss $wgAllowUserCss] to your {{mediawiki|Manual:LocalSettings.php|LocalSettings.php}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Preferences]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_user_styles Gallery of user styles] (no official skins)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Skins}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Skin|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Subpage|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Signatures&amp;diff=186</id>
		<title>Help:Signatures</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Signatures&amp;diff=186"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
Users can easily &#039;&#039;&#039;sign&#039;&#039;&#039; their posts at the end of a comment. Signing is normally done on [[Help:Talk pages|talk pages]] only, not on conjointly written articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Default signature options ==&lt;br /&gt;
There are three default options. Four tildes are standard (full signature). Typing three tildes results in a username-only signature (without timestamp). Typing five tildes results in a pure timestamp (without username).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Function&lt;br /&gt;
! Wiki markup&lt;br /&gt;
! Resulting code&lt;br /&gt;
! Resulting display &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Signature plus timestamp&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]] 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]] 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| Signature alone&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;~~~&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]] &amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [[{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Timestamp alone&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;~~~~~&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you edit without logging in, your IP address will take the place of a username. Usernames and IP addresses are also stored in [[Help:Page history|page histories]] as a record of who wrote what, so others can always verify signatures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common format to type a signature – two hyphens (or a dash) followed by four tildes (&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;-- &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;) – is derived from the computer network Usenet, where two hyphens mark a signature block. The actual signature string, the tildes, automatically get substituted with username (linked to the appropriate user page) and timestamp (time/date), when you save a signed edit. This helps other users to follow the chronological order of discussions, and to identify the author of a particular comment. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you don&#039;t find the tilde on your keyboard, you can use the signature button [[{{ns:image}}:Button sig.png|text-bottom|link=|sigunature button]] of the default [[Help:Edit toolbar|edit toolbar]] as a typing aid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Signatures do not work in edit summaries (they do not translate from &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; there).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Customised signatures ==&lt;br /&gt;
Registered users can customise their signature (the part between the two hyphens and the timestamp) by changing the field &amp;quot;{{int:yournick}}&amp;quot; in their [[Help:Preferences|preferences]]. By default, anything you enter there will be wrapped with &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[ ]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. To use a special linking (without this automatic link), you have to enable “Raw signatures.” Then you can add Wiki markup and also HTML (as far as allowed on the wiki) as you like, but the maximum length is 255 characters. Please note that striking signatures are often disliked by other users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you enable “Raw signatures” but don&#039;t add any customised signature string, you&#039;ll sign with your unlinked username.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most common customisations are the following two:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Purpose&lt;br /&gt;
! Raw signature&lt;br /&gt;
! Resulting signature display &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Adapting the displayed username&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{ns:2}}:Username|User Name]]&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -- [[{{ns:2}}:Username|User Name]] 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Adding a talk page link&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]] (&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;{{ns:3}}:Username|talk]])&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| -- [[{{ns:2}}:Username|Username]] ([[{{ns:3}}:Username|talk]]) 12:34, 1 February 2008 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}} &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Signatures]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Searching&amp;diff=184</id>
		<title>Help:Searching</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Searching&amp;diff=184"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
The quickest way to find information in MediaWiki is to look it up directly. On the left-hand side of your screen there is a &#039;&#039;&#039;{{lcfirst:{{int:search}}}}&#039;&#039;&#039; box with two buttons under it labeled &amp;quot;{{int:go}}&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;{{int:search}}&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;border:1px solid #ababff; background: #fdfdff; padding: 1em; margin: 1.1em 1em 1em 0em; font-size:105%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Put your keyword in the searchbox.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:go}}&#039;&#039;&#039; - (or &#039;&#039;Enter&#039;&#039; on keyboard) will take you automatically to the article, if it exists.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;{{int:search}}&#039;&#039;&#039; - will search the text of all pages on the wiki (with some restrictions, see below).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you clicked “{{int:search}}”, or you clicked “{{int:go}}” and the page you were looking for did not exist, you will be presented with a list of articles that matched your search criteria (or a message that no matches were found).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== How it works ==&lt;br /&gt;
Here&#039;s how the search works:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Only the article content is searched - the page title is ignored.&lt;br /&gt;
* The article content is searched in its raw (wikitext) form - i.e., it searches the text that appears in the edit box when you click “{{lcfirst:{{int:edit}}}}”, not the rendered page.  This means that content coming from an included template will not be picked up, but the target of piped links will be.&lt;br /&gt;
* Even if you enclose a phrase in quotes, the search looks for each word individually.  e.g., if you enter &amp;quot;world war 2&amp;quot; it will return pages that contain &amp;quot;world&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;war&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;2&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
* The search is not case-sensitive, so &amp;quot;MediaWiki&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;mediawiki&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;MEDIAWIKI&amp;quot; all give the same result.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Restricting the search ==&lt;br /&gt;
If you click the “{{int:search}}” button without filling in anything, you will be taken to “Special:Search” which gives you extra searching options (also available from any search results list)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You may find it useful to restrict a search to pages within a particular [[Help:Namespaces|namespace]] e.g., only search within the {{ns:2}} pages. Tick the namespaces you require for this search. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By default only the [[Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] specified in your [[Help:Preferences|preferences]] will be searched.  Logged-in users can change their preferences to specify the namespaces they want to search by default. This can be done by selecting and deselecting boxes in the ”search” section of user preferences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Searching}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Searching]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Search]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Redirects&amp;diff=182</id>
		<title>Help:Redirects</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Redirects&amp;diff=182"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Redirects are used to forward users from one page name to another. They can be useful if a particular article is referred to by multiple names, or has alternative punctuation, capitalization or spellings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Creating a redirect==&lt;br /&gt;
You may start a new page with the name you want to direct from (see [[Help:Starting a new page]]). You can also use an existing page that you are making inactive as a page by going to that page and using the &amp;quot;edit&amp;quot; tab at the top. In either case, you will be inserting the following code at the very first text position of the Edit window for the page:&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;#REDIRECT [[&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;pagename&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
where &#039;&#039;pagename&#039;&#039; is the name of the destination page. The word &amp;quot;redirect&amp;quot; is not case-sensitive, but there must be no space between the &amp;quot;#&amp;quot; symbol. Any text before the code will disable the code and prevent a redirect. Any text or regular content code after the redirect code will be ignored (and should be deleted from an existing page). However, to put or keep the current page name listed in a Category, the usual tag for that category is entered or kept on a line after the redirect code entry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You should use the &#039;preview&#039; button below the Edit window, or Alt-P, to check that you have entered the correct destination page name. The preview page will not look like the resulting redirect page, it will look like a numbered list, with the destination page in blue:  &lt;br /&gt;
 1. REDIRECT  &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;pagename&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
If the &#039;&#039;pagename&#039;&#039; as you typed it is not a valid page, it will show in red. Until there is a valid destination page, you should not make the redirect.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Viewing a redirect==&lt;br /&gt;
After making a redirect at a page, you can no longer get to that page by using its name or by any link using that name; and they do not show up in wiki search results, either. However, near the top of the destination page, a notice that you have been forwarded appears, with the source pagename as an active link to it. Click this to get back to the redirected page, showing the large bent arrow symbol and the destination for the redirect.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By doing this, you can do all the things that any wiki page allows. You can go to the associated discussion page to discuss the redirect. You can view the history of the page, including a record of the redirect. You can edit the page if the redirect is wrong, and you can revert to an older version to remove the redirect.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Deleting a redirect==&lt;br /&gt;
There&#039;s generally no need to delete redirects. They do not occupy a significant amount of database space. If a page name is vaguely meaningful, there&#039;s no harm (and some benefit) in having it as a redirect to the more relevant or current page. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you do need to delete a redirect, e.g. if the page name is offensive, or you wish to discourage people from referring to a concept by that name, then you simply go to the redirect page as mentioned above, and follow the procedures at [[Help:Deleting a page]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Double redirects ==&lt;br /&gt;
A double redirect is a page redirecting to a page which is itself a redirect, and it will not work. Instead, people will be presented with a view of the next redirect page. This is a deliberate restriction, partly to prevent infinite loops, and partly to keep things simple. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, you could look out for double redirects and eliminate them, by changing them to be 1-step redirects instead. You are most likely to need to do this after a significant [[Help:Moving a page|page move]]. Use the &amp;quot;what links here&amp;quot; toolbox link to find double redirects to a particular page, or use [[Special:DoubleRedirects]] to find them throughout the whole wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A redirect to a page in the category namespace ==&lt;br /&gt;
To prevent a page that redirects to a category from appearing in the category, precede the word &amp;quot;Category&amp;quot; with a colon: &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;#REDIRECT [[:Category:Glossary]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Redirects}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Redirects]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Range_blocks&amp;diff=180</id>
		<title>Help:Range blocks</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Range_blocks&amp;diff=180"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Range blocks&#039;&#039;&#039; are technical restrictions applied through [[Special:Blockip]] to a group of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_addresses IP addresses] that prevent them from editing, creating new accounts, sending email through the wiki interface, et cetera. Registered accounts editing from these IP addresses will also be blocked, unless you check the box to only block anonymous editors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Range blocking is enabled on all [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation Wikimedia] wikis; to enable it on other wikis, add &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;{{mediawiki|Manual:$wgSysopRangeBans|$wgSysopRangeBans}} = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot; in &amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;{{mediawiki|Manual:LocalSettings.php|LocalSettings.php}}&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To block an IP range from [[Special:Blockip]], enter the first IP address in the range followed by a forward slash and a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_inter-domain_routing Classless inter-domain routing] (CIDR) suffix. &#039;&#039;&#039;You should avoid performing range blocks unless you understand what you are doing, or you may end up blocking tens of thousands of people who are not the problem!&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Technical explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
CIDR notation is written as the IP address, a slash, and the CIDR affix (for example, the IPv4 &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.2.3.41/24&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot; or IPv6 &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;a3:b:c1:d:e:f:1:21/24&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;). The CIDR affix is the number of starting digits every IP address in the range have in common when written in binary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example: &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.10.1.32&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot; is binary &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;00001010.00001010.00000001.00100000&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;, so &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.10.1.32/27&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; will match the first 27 digits (&amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;00001010&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;00001010&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;00000001&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;001&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;00000&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot;). The IP addresses &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.10.1.32&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;–&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.10.1.63&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;, when converted to binary, all have the same 27 first digits and will be blocked if &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;10.10.1.32/27&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; is blocked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the CIDR affix increases, the block affects fewer IP addresses (see [[#Table|table of example ranges]]). CIDR affixes are not the same for IPv4 addresses as they are for IPv6 addresses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Calculating the CIDR affix==&lt;br /&gt;
You can use the [[#Table|table of sample ranges]] below to guess the range, use a computer script, or manually calculate the range.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conversion to binary===&lt;br /&gt;
The first step in manually calculating a range is to convert the first and last IP address to binary representation. (This assumes you&#039;re not using a computer script, which can probably calculate the range for you anyway.) An IP address is composed of four groups of eight ones and zeros. Each group represents a number from 0 to 255. To convert a number to binary, you can use a [http://www.ccci.com/tools/subcalc/binary.html reference table] or know the value of each binary digit:&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;prettytable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 128&lt;br /&gt;
| 64&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 16&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Proceeding from left to right, fill in &#039;1&#039; if the number is at least that value, and subtract that value (if it&#039;s not, fill in &#039;0&#039; and don&#039;t subtract). For example, to calculate 240:&lt;br /&gt;
# 240 is at least 128, so place 1 and subtract 128.&lt;br /&gt;
# 112 (240-128) is at least 64, so place 1 and subtract 64.&lt;br /&gt;
# 48 (112-64) is at least 32, so place 1 and subtract 48.&lt;br /&gt;
# 16 (48-32) is at least 16, so place 1 and subtract 16.&lt;br /&gt;
# Since the remaining value is zero, all the remaining places are &#039;0&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
Thus, 240 is 1111 0000 because it can be represented as 128+64+32+16+0+0+0+0.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Calculate range===&lt;br /&gt;
# Place both IP addresses one atop the other, and count how many starting digits are exactly alike. This is the CIDR affix.&lt;br /&gt;
# Double-check! Being off by one digit could extend your block by thousands of addresses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The example below calculates the CIDR range between 69.208.0.0 and 69.208.0.255. Note that this is a simple example; some groups of IP addresses do not so neatly fit CIDR affixes, and need multiple different-sized blocks to block the exact range.&lt;br /&gt;
 IP addresses:&lt;br /&gt;
   69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
   69.208.0.255&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
 Convert to binary:&lt;br /&gt;
   0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000&lt;br /&gt;
   0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000.1111 1111&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
 Count identical first numbers:&lt;br /&gt;
   &#039;&#039;&#039;0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000&#039;&#039;&#039;.0000 0000&lt;br /&gt;
   &#039;&#039;&#039;0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000&#039;&#039;&#039;.1111 1111&lt;br /&gt;
   |____________________________|&lt;br /&gt;
             24 digits&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
 CIDR range:&lt;br /&gt;
   69.208.0.0/24&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;Table&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Table of sample ranges&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;===&lt;br /&gt;
The table below shows the IP blocks each CIDR suffix affects. Note that MediaWiki only supports blocking CIDR suffixes 16&amp;amp;ndash;32.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;prettytable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! CIDR&lt;br /&gt;
! Start Range&lt;br /&gt;
! End Range&lt;br /&gt;
! Total addresses&lt;br /&gt;
! Bits selected in IP address&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/0&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 0.0.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 255.255.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 4,294,967,296&lt;br /&gt;
| ********.********.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/1&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 0.0.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 127.255.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 2,147,483,648&lt;br /&gt;
| 0*******.********.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 65.0.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 79.255.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 268,435,456&lt;br /&gt;
| 0100****.********.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/8&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.0.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.255.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 67,108,864&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.********.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/11&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.238.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 2,197,152&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.110*****.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/12&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.223.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 1,048,576&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.1101****.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/13&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.215.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 524,288&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010***.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/14&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.211.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 262,144&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.110100**.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;color:gray;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/15&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.209.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 131,072&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.1101000*.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/16&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.255.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 65,536&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.********.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/17&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.127.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 32,768&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.0*******.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/18&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.63.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 16,384&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00******.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/19&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.31.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 8,192&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.000*****.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/20&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.15.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 4,096&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.0000****.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/21&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.7.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 2,048&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000***.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/22&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.3.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 1,024&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.000000**.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/23&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.1.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 512&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.0000000*.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/24&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.255&lt;br /&gt;
| 256&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.********&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/25&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.127&lt;br /&gt;
| 128&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.0*******&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/26&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.63&lt;br /&gt;
| 64&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.00******&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/27&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.31&lt;br /&gt;
| 32&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.000*****&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/28&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.15&lt;br /&gt;
| 16&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.0000****&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/29&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.7&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.00000***&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/30&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.3&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.000000**&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/31&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.1&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.0000000*&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&#039;&#039;&#039;/32&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 69.208.0.0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.00000000&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[wikipedia:Classless Inter-Domain Routing|Classless Inter-Domain Routing]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ccci.com/tools/subcalc/binary.html Converting IP addresses to binary]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.find-ip-address.org/ip-country/ IP Address Ranges Block] gives you complete IP ranges for certain country.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://apps.csc.fi/laskin2.html Netmask calculator] which helps in making the correct decision for range blocks.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~chm/blockcalc.php Rangeblock-Calculator] gives you the range you should use when blocking.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Range blocks}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Range blocks]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Protecting_and_unprotecting_pages&amp;diff=178</id>
		<title>Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Protecting_and_unprotecting_pages&amp;diff=178"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Protecting and unprotecting pages&#039;&#039;&#039; is very straightforward, but these operations require [[Help:Sysops and permissions|sysop permissions]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can designate a page as a [[Help:Protected pages|protected page]] by clicking the &#039;Protect page&#039; tab, and supplying a comment (a brief textual description of why you are protecting the page)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are several reasons why a particular page might be protected. On public wikis, a protected page is usually one which has been repeatedly targeted with vandalism, or where it is believed that any vandalism would have an unusually severe impact. On corporate wikis, a page may be protected when the content has been frozen via an approval process. However there are also many good reasons for &#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039; protecting pages. As a sysop you must make this choice, and wield your power responsibly. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{languages|Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Protecting and unprotecting pages]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Protected_pages&amp;diff=176</id>
		<title>Help:Protected pages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Protected_pages&amp;diff=176"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;protected page&#039;&#039;&#039; is a page where normal users are prevented from [[Help:Editing pages|editing]] and/or [[Help:Moving a page|moving]] at all. Only a user with [[Help:Sysops and permissions|sysop permissions]] can edit or move a protected page. Likewise only sysop users can protect a page in the first place, or unprotect the page to lift the restriction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are several reasons why a particular page might be protected: &lt;br /&gt;
* On public wikis, pages may be protected because they have been repeatedly targeted with vandalism or moved to bad titles, or where it is believed that vandalism or page moves would have a unusually severe impact. &lt;br /&gt;
* On corporate wikis, pages may be protected when they contain statements which have been approved by management, and policy dictates that those statements can&#039;t be changed without following a certain approval process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Page protection limits collaboration on the wiki content, and should be avoided where possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For sysop information see [[Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Protected pages}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Preferences&amp;diff=174</id>
		<title>Help:Preferences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://monnier.astro.lsa.umich.edu/research/index.php?title=Help:Preferences&amp;diff=174"/>
		<updated>2009-02-27T03:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Astro-it: 1 revision&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{PD Help Page}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clicking on the [[Special:preferences|my preferences]] link in the upper right while logged in allows you to change your preferences. You will be presented with the User profile section, as well as a bar of tabs across the top for changing other types of settings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==User profile==&lt;br /&gt;
===User profile===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Username&#039;&#039;: Your user name. Only bureaucrats can change your username, and the wiki must also have the {{mediawiki|Extension:Renameuser|Renameuser extension}} installed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;User ID&#039;&#039;: A number assigned to your account when you created it (for example, if your number is 42 you are the 42nd user to sign up at this particular wiki). This number is used for internal purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Number of edits&#039;&#039;: How many edits you have made. Not all wikis will have this.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Real name&#039;&#039;: If provided, this will be used for attribution (rather than using your username). Providing your real name is entirely optional. Some wikis do not have this option.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;E-mail&#039;&#039;: Your email address, if you have supplied one. You can also change or remove your address here.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Nickname&#039;&#039;: When you sign your name (using &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;~~~~&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;), what you enter here will be used at the start instead of a simple link to your user page. By default, anything you enter here will be wrapped with &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[ ]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;; if you want to use special linking, enable &#039;&#039;Raw signatures (without automatic link)&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Language&#039;&#039;: This controls what language the interface is displayed in.  MediaWiki&#039;s default interface includes localisations for all supported languages, but this is not necessarily the case with extensions or custom skins. Page text will &#039;&#039;&#039;not&#039;&#039;&#039; be translated, nor will templates (unless the templates integrate text localisation).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Change password===&lt;br /&gt;
To change your password, enter your old password in the first box and your new password in the last two. If you want this site to remember your login, check &#039;&#039;Remember my login on this computer&#039;&#039;. Note that this function requires you to have cookies enabled in your browser, and if your cookie is cleared or expires you will no longer be remembered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===E-mail===&lt;br /&gt;
If you have supplied an email address, you will need to click the &#039;&#039;verify address&#039;&#039; button in order to use these functions. You will receive an email; simply open it and follow the link to enable the following functions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;E-mail me when a page I&#039;m watching is changed&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;E-mail me when my user talk page is changed&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;E-mail me also for minor edits of pages&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Enable e-mail from other users&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Send me copies of emails I send to other users&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Languages===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From your preferences you can select what language you would like the interface to be in. Only the buttons like &#039;edit&#039; and &#039;talk&#039;, in addition to a few pages in the sidebar, will be affected. The main text of the pages will not be changed by this for the vast majority of pages, although there are a few pages where it will, like some in the Wikimedia Meta Wiki.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Skin==&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can choose the skin you want to use (use &#039;&#039;Preview&#039;&#039; if you want to see a skin before you choose it). By default, MediaWiki includes the following skins:&lt;br /&gt;
* Chick&lt;br /&gt;
* Classic&lt;br /&gt;
* Cologne Blue&lt;br /&gt;
* MonoBook (default)&lt;br /&gt;
* MySkin&lt;br /&gt;
* Nostalgia&lt;br /&gt;
* Simple&lt;br /&gt;
While you can choose whatever skin you like, bear in mind that some wikis will incorporate templates or layout elements that will not display as intended in some of these skins. Generally speaking, sticking with MonoBook (or whatever the wiki&#039;s default skin is) will ensure you see pages as intended.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Math==&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can control how mathematical equations described using the &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; tag will be displayed. Mathematical formulae uploaded as images or written outside the math tag will not be affected by this setting.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Always render PNG&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;HTML if very simple or else PNG&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;HTML if possible or else PNG&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Leave it as TeX (for text browsers)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Recommended for modern browsers&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;MathML if possible (experimental)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Files==&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can determine how images will be displayed. Images displayed by direct pasting of a URL (if the wiki has it enabled) will not be affected by this setting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Limit images on image description pages to&#039;&#039;: This setting lets you choose how big image previews will be on the Image: pages. If you know what your current screen resolution is you may like to set this to one or two sizes smaller than your own screen. If you have a slow connection (such as dial-up) you may want to limit them to 320×240.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Thumbnail size&#039;&#039;: Define how big you want thumbnails to appear. This setting will not affect thumbnails with dimensions determined by an editor, nor can it increase images beyond their original dimensions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Date and time==&lt;br /&gt;
The following is normally rendered depending on preferences:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 [[2001-01-05]] (or [[2001]]-[[01-05]]) (with leading zeros)&lt;br /&gt;
 [[2001]] [[January 5]] ([[2001]] [[January 05]])&lt;br /&gt;
 [[January 5]], [[2001]] ([[January 05]], [[2001]])&lt;br /&gt;
 [[5 January]] [[2001]] ([[05 January]] [[2001]])&lt;br /&gt;
 [[January 5]] ([[January 05]])&lt;br /&gt;
 [[5 January]] ([[05 January]])&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Editing==&lt;br /&gt;
Settings to control editing pages, including the size of the edit box displayed and whether to watch pages that you have edited or created automatically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Recent changes==&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Days to show in recent changes&#039;&#039;: Here you can specify how far back the [[Help:Tracking changes|recent changes]] pages will go. Note that the list will stop prematurely if the number of edits is exceeded (see below)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Number of edits to show in recent changes&#039;&#039;: Here you can specify how many edits should be displayed.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Hide minor edits in recent changes&#039;&#039;: This enables you to hide edits marked as minor (see [[Help:Editing pages]]). Since some users will rapidly make a lot of tiny tweaks to update templates or fix spelling errors you may find enabling this to be useful. You can also turn this on temporarily from the recent changes page (see [[Help:Tracking changes]]).&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Enhanced recent changes (JavaScript)&#039;&#039;: Enhanced recent changes condenses edits into a per-page list. As indicated, this requires JavaScript to be enabled. See [[Help:Tracking changes]] for more information on this feature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Watchlist==&lt;br /&gt;
Setting to control the behaviour of the watchlist (See [[Help:Watchlist]]) Most of these options are also available on the watchlist display itself, but by setting them in your preferences you control the default behaviour i.e. Every time you visit the watchlist it will do the same.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Search==&lt;br /&gt;
Default settings for searches including how many results to display and how much context to show for each result.  Check the boxes next to the namespaces which you want to show up, the first time that you search for something.  You can override this when doing an actual search, by checking or unchecking the boxes at the bottom of the search results screen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Admin tip|tip=To change the namespace default preferences for new users (or users who haven&#039;t changed their preferences yet), see {{mediawiki|Manual:$wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault}} }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Misc==&lt;br /&gt;
Other settings such as numbering and justification.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Skins]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages|Help:Preferences}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help|Preferences]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Astro-it</name></author>
	</entry>
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